Physics
Ray Optics and Wave Optics: Complete Guide
By Dr. Sandhya Classes Editorial Team · Published 2026-10-03 · Updated 2026-10-03 · 3 min read
Mirrors, lenses, instruments, interference and diffraction explained for boards and entrance exams.
Physics at Dr. Sandhya Classes is taught personally by Dr. Sandhya, Ph.D. in Physics, teaching since 2015 — offline in Zirakpur (Highland Marg & Lohgarh Road) and online across India. About Dr. Sandhya
Sign convention first
Use the Cartesian sign convention consistently for mirrors and lenses.
Draw before calculating
A quick ray diagram tells you whether the image should be real or virtual, magnified or diminished.
Optical instruments
Microscopes and telescopes combine lenses; focus on magnification and final image position.
Wave optics
Young's double-slit experiment, diffraction and polarisation show light behaving as a wave.
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